Interpretive Description Method Research Articles

Characterization of functioning in breast cancer survivors: an interpretive descriptive analysis study based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and the Item-Perspective Classification Framework

Purpose Breast cancer survivors may experience a variety of disabilities that could potentially compromise their independent functioning. This study aimed to examine their perspectives and experts on their functioning and interpret concepts with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and the Item-Perspective Classification Framework (IPF). Methods Interpretive descriptive methods were used with in-depth interviewing with 16 breast cancer survivors and 22 experts using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis. The extracted data were linked to the ICF Core Set for Breast cancer and were interpreted by the IPF. Results Four main themes emerged to define the functioning of breast cancer survivors: body functioning, physical functioning, social functioning, and mental functioning. Three other factors were also categorized as modifiers of functioning personal, emotional, and environmental. The 592 extracted meaningful concepts were linked to 38 (47%) categories from the ICF: 16 Body Functions, 14 Activities and Participation, and 8 Environmental Factors. The IPF classified all the extracted concepts, and most rational appraisals fell in the biological (B) domain. The concepts that required emotional appraisal were classified in Psychology (P). Conclusion Psychological and emotional factors were pivotal in defining functioning in patients with BC.

A Qualitative Study of Nursing Home Staff Lived Experience With Advance Care Planning

ObjectiveAdvance care planning (ACP) within nursing homes (NHs) is an integral component of resident-centered care yet remains an ongoing area for improvement. This study explored health care providers’ experiences when facilitating ACP discussions with residents and their families. DesignInterpretive description was used to explore meanings and generate knowledge that is applicable for clinical contexts. Setting and ParticipantsA purposive sample of 27 staff members (2 directors of care, 3 assistant directors of care, 1 nurse practitioner, 11 registered nurses, 3 registered practical nurses, and 7 social workers) from 29 NHs located across 3 Canadian provinces that participated in cluster-randomized intervention study to improve ACP. MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted between January and July 2020. Interpretive description methods were used for analysis. ResultsThree themes were identified. “Navigating Relational Tensions During ACP with Families” captures the relational tensions that participants experienced while navigating ACP processes with residents and their families. The second theme, “Where’s the Doctor?” highlights the general lack of physician involvement in ACP discussions and the subsequent pressures faced by participants when supporting residents and families. The last theme, “Crises Change the Best Laid Plans,” illustrates the challenges participants face when trying to adhere to existing care plans during residents' medical crises. Conclusion and ImplicationsParticipants’ experiences indicate that current ACP processes in NHs do not meet the needs of residents, families, or care teams. Additional support from physicians and changes to structural processes are needed to support resident-centered end-of-life planning within this care context.

Experiences of goal planning in Australian community pharmacy settings for people experiencing mental illness: A qualitative study.

Person-centred goal planning is increasingly being incorporated into healthcare interventions. People experiencing severe and persistent mental illnesses (SPMIs) have high levels of co-occurring health conditions, reducing their life expectancy when compared with the general population. As medications are commonly used in the treatment of SPMIs, community pharmacists are well-placed to support the health and wellbeing of this population. To examine pharmacists' and service users' experiences of goal planning as a component of a community pharmacy-based health intervention for people experiencing SPMIs (PharMIbridge intervention). This study utilised a qualitative exploratory approach with an interpretive description method. Semistructured interviews were undertaken with community pharmacists (n = 16) and service user participants (n = 26) who had participated in pharmacist support services for people experiencing SPMIs (PharMIbridge intervention). Four themes relating to goal planning were identified. First, goal planning provided purpose and motivation for participation in the intervention. Planning realistic goals was important but often challenging. Both pharmacists and service users highlighted the relational aspects of goal planning and how strong relationships supported positive behaviour change and outcomes. Finally, individualised and flexible approaches were important aspects of the intervention, ensuring goals were meaningful to service users. The findings from this study identified positive outcomes from the inclusion of goal-planning processes in a community pharmacy-based health intervention. Further research regarding tools, strategies or training that could support future goal-planning interventions in primary healthcare is needed. The PharMIbridge randomised controlled trial research team included lived experience members and was overseen by an expert panel that included members with a lived experience of mental illness and representatives from key organisations. The training provided to pharmacists was co-designed and co-delivered by the researchers and lived experience representatives, and pharmacists were supported by lived experience mentors. Service user participants were invited to participate in the interviews through a number of pathways (e.g., at the completion of the intervention, flyers). Those interested were provided with the full study participant information and provided with a $30 gift voucher at the conclusion of the interview.

“We All Want to Be Able to Tell You Something Hopeful”: Clinicians’ Experiences Providing Maternal-Fetal Surgery Counseling

Introduction: Prenatal counseling about maternal-fetal surgery can be traumatic and confusing for pregnant people. It can also be technically and emotionally complex for clinicians. As maternal-fetal surgery rapidly advances and becomes more common, more evidence is needed to inform counseling practices. The objective of this study was to develop a deeper understanding of the methods clinicians currently use to train for and provide counseling, as well as their needs and recommendations for future education and training. Methods: We used interpretive description methods and interviewed interprofessional clinicians who regularly counsel pregnant people about maternal-fetal surgery. Results: We conducted 20 interviews with participants from 17 different sites who were maternal-fetal medicine specialists (30%), pediatric surgeons (30%), nurses (15%), social workers (10%), a genetic counselor (5%), a neonatologist (5%), and a pediatric subspecialist (5%). Most were female (70%), non-Hispanic white (90%), and practiced in the Midwest (50%). We identified four overarching themes: (1) contextualizing maternal-fetal surgery counseling; (2) establishing shared understanding; (3) supporting decision-making; and (4) training for maternal-fetal surgery counseling. Within these themes, we identified key practice differences among professions, specialties, institutions, and regions. Conclusion: Participants are committed to practicing informative and supportive counseling to empower pregnant people to make autonomous decisions about maternal-fetal surgery. Nevertheless, our findings indicate a dearth of evidence-based communication practices and guidance. Participants identified significant systemic limitations affecting pregnant people’s decision-making options related to maternal-fetal surgery.

It's Not Always Easy: Cancer Survivorship Care in Primary Care Settings.

By 2040, an anticipated 26.1 million people with a history of cancer will be part of the healthcare system. The purpose of this study was to explore Missouri-based non-oncology clinicians' perspectives on caring for patients with a history of cancer to identify needs of rural-based clinicians to optimize their patients' survivorship care. Using an interpretive qualitative descriptive approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 non-oncology clinicians. We encouraged clinicians to discuss their approach to caring for patients with a history of cancer and invited them to talk about what might help them increase their knowledge of survivorship care best practices. Through interpretive qualitative descriptive analysis methods including first level coding and constant comparison, we found there is consensus that cancer survivorship care is important; however, training that now guides our clinicians occurred mostly during residency, if at all. Clinicians relied on previous patient encounters and oncology notes combined with their patients' personal account of treatment history to inform the best next steps. Clinicians expressed strong interest in having a simple protocol of their patient's treatment with prompts of known long-term cancer treatment-related effects and a patient-centric follow-up monitoring schedule (mandatory vs recommended vs optional). Clinicians expressed interest in educational opportunities about cancer care and ability for curbside consults with oncologists. They consistently noted the limited resources available in rural areas and that rural patients may have different preferences and approaches to cancer survivorship. There is a clear opportunity to improve non-oncology clinicians' knowledge of the needs of people with a history of cancer as well as their own knowledge base and self-efficacy, especially in rural settings.

Arketipe dalam Novel Re: Karya Maman Suherman: Analisis Psikologi Analitik Carl Gustav Jung

The world of prostitution is not solely caused by the abyss of poverty. However, it is caused by the turmoil of the human unconscious on the causality of his personality. Re is the main character in the novel Re by Maman Suherman who represents the complex world of playing games. The arena that Re is involved in, featuring various interesting characters is reviewed in more depth. Problems in tracing the personality of the characters in Maman Suherman's novel Re. The theory used is Carl Gustav Jung's Psychoanalysis. Data was collected using a literature study method with reading, listening, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis was carried out by interpretive descriptive method. The results are based on research, the incident utilizes the background as the main strength with detailed specifications. The whole is not fully interwoven in the relationship between elements. The psychological character of Re displays the archetype of the audience, the great mother, and the hero which is manifested in her psychic causality. The character of Re shows the personality of the collective unconscious (persona, shadow, anima and animus), Herman reflects the persona of an intelligent student, and Mami Lani is a representation of the persona of a blind heart.
  

New Graduate Nurses Navigating Entry to Practice in the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted organizational life for nurses, with known physical and psychological impacts. New graduate nurses are a subset of nurses with unique needs and challenges as they transition into their registered nurse roles. However, this subset of nurses has yet to be explored in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. To explore the experiences of new graduate nurses entering the profession in Ontario, Canada, during the Covid-19 pandemic approximately one year after entering the profession. Thorne's interpretive description method was utilized. All participants identified as completing second entry nursing programs, offering a unique perspective on new graduate nurse transition. Four themes emerged in the data: 'Virtual Didn't Cut It,' 'Go Where You Know,' 'Picking Up the Pieces,' and 'Learning When to Say No and Let Go.' Participants felt ill prepared to enter the profession and were cognizant of the various challenges facing the nursing profession, and how these pre-existing challenges were exacerbated by the pandemic. They acknowledged the need to protect themselves against burnout and poor mental health, and as such, made calculated early career decisions - demonstrating strong socio-political knowing. Half of the participants had already left their first nursing job; citing unmet orientation, mental health, and wellbeing needs. However, all participants were steadfast in remaining in the nursing profession. Second entry new graduate nurses remain a unique subset of nurses that require more scholarly attention as their transition experiences may differ from the traditional trajectory of new graduate nurses.

THE VALUE OF CHARACTER EDUCATION IN HAJJ PILGRIM (STUDY OF QS AL-BAQARAH/2:114)

This study aims to analyze the value of character education in the Hajj verses to produce an extract of character education value. It is expected as an offer of thought from the Al-Qur’an as an authentic source to shape personal, family and community character. This type of study was qualitative literature, the primary data obtained through written and digital literature. It used an interpretive descriptive data analysis method with a thematic approach to describe and analyse the Hajj verses about the value of character education. The results of this study indicated that the verse related to Hajj is in QS Al-Baqarah/2: 114. This verse conceived the value of character education, and the author divided it into four categories; first: the characters related to Allah, such as taqwa, istiqamah, gratitude, sincere, patient, not negligent heart, second: the characters related to humans, such as tolerance, favoring deliberation, collaborative, hardworking, honest, keeps promises, fair, compassionate, iffah, third: the character of the social environment sensitivity such as loving the environment and animals, science lover, social care, fourth: the character of the strength of belief: visionary, optimism, mission maturity and strength of belief.

REKONSTRUKSI TARI JEPIN TALI DI KABUPATEN SINTANG

The purpose of this study was to analyze the reconstruction process and the results of the reconstruction of the Jepin Tali dance in Sintang Regency by Anggi Wulan Sari. Jepin Tali dance is one of the traditional Malay dances originating from Sintang Regency, West Borneo Province. The Jepin Tali dance is presented in the form of a group dance and can be danced by both male and female dancers. The theory used in this research is the theory of reconstruction by Burra Charter and the theory of form proposed by Slamet, MD. This research is qualitative with interpretive descriptive method with data collection techniques by observation, literature study, and interviews. The results showed that: First, the Jepin Tali dance has a function as entertainment and as a medium for public education about mutual cooperation and tolerance. Second, the reconstruction process is carried out in the excavation and arrangement stages. Third, the results of the reconstruction are the addition of a variety of movements from 3 to 16 variations, the addition of musical instruments, make-up and clothing, as well as the floor pattern used. Fourth, the Jepin Tali dance is presented in the form of a group dance with a total of 4 female dancers and has a presentation structure which is divided into 3 parts, namely the beginning, the core, and the closing using the 8 rope property. Fifth, the hallmark of the Jepin Tali dance presentation is the use of the rope property and Siti Zubaidah's poetry.

Personal Branding Model of Conventional Kiai in Broadcasting Islamic Religion in Islamic Boarding Schools

This study aims to describe the process of establishing the personal branding of conventional kiai at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, starting from the stage of determining unique personal branding competencies, the stage of building connections and relationships, the stage of creating creativity to the controlling stage. The model used in this study is the personal branding circle-p model (competency, connectivity, creation, compliance, contribution). The paradigm used is a constructivist paradigm with an interpretive approach and descriptive method. Research data were collected through in-depth interviews and passive participatory observation. The study results show that the formation of personal branding is carried out through the stages of determining unique competencies, establishing relationships, creating creativity, and controlling that is carried out in a flowing manner seen from changes in attitudes and responses of students and other congregations from each meeting.

Analisis Kebutuhan Bahasa Arab Bagi Pustakawan Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pekalongan

This study aims to analyze the need for Arabic for IAIN Pekalongan librarians. There are several main duties and functions of the librarian that directly intersect with the Arabic language. This research is a qualitative research, because the data taken is in the form of written and spoken words. The IAIN Pekalongan Library was used as the locus of research with six librarians as the main informants. The capable method is used to obtain data with fishing rod, record, and record techniques. The data was tested using the completion method at the time of data retrieval. The data is then analyzed using interpretive descriptive methods. The results of this study show that IAIN Pekalongan librarians need Arabic language competence in supporting their performance, namely: collection development, library material processing (classification), and user services in the field of circulation

BARRIERS AND STRATEGIES TO ENGAGE AND RETAIN DIVERSE RURAL DYADS IN PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS

Abstract It is often challenging to engage and retain rural Latinx and Native Americans in psychosocial interventions after stroke, despite the fact that these populations tend to experience poorer health outcomes. Although strategies for effective patient-provider communication exist, few studies focus on the cultural aspects of engagement and retention of diverse dyads in a rural context. The aim of this study is to describe barriers to engagement and retention of diverse rural dyads in post-stroke psychosocial interventions, as well as to elucidate specific strategies to address these barriers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Nf14 clinical providers with extensive experience serving diverse rural couples and families. Qualitative data were analyzed using interpretive description methods. Seven key barriers were identified, grouped broadly into: 1. Those presented by providers (1a. Lack of time and attention given to dyads “telling their story”; 1b. Lack of culturally appropriate interpersonal skills; 1c. Incongruence between provider-patient values) and 2. Those existing within dyads themselves (2a. Low priority given to interpersonal and emotional issues; 2b. Concern about confidentiality in small communities and mistrust of those in power due to current or historical experiences with dominant cultures; 2c. Perception of stigma surrounding interpersonal and emotional issues; 2d. Tendency to be polite, accommodating, or feign investment). Providers offered specific culturally-informed strategies to overcome barriers which in turn may increase engagement and minimize attrition. Providers and researchers may benefit from these insights as they work to communicate with, build trust, and meet the unique needs of these populations.

The Critical Intersection Point of a Nation: Reading the Traces of the Concept of the Nation in the Indonesian Novel

The phenomenon of the nation, along with its concept, is not stable. It develops constantly and is dynamic. This study aims to describe the traces of the dynamics of the concept of the nation in the Indonesian novel. With an interpretive qualitative descriptive method, which supports data in the form of Indonesian novel texts; namely the novel Salah Asuhan by Abdoel Moeis and Tanah Air Beta by Sefryana Khairil, this study seeks to explain the occurrence of events of change or shifting concepts with regard to the nation. Based on this, the results of this study show that in the text of Indonesian novels, especially the two novels, it was found that the concept of the nation was not stable. The concept of the nation can move, shift, and allow separation, which can result in the occurrence of a critical intersection point of a nation. On this basis, the implication of this study is the importance of continuously observing the dynamics of the concept of the nation. Along with that, it is necessary to maintain continuously the commitment of the nation that has been formed.

An Interpretive Descriptive Approach to Understanding Osteoporosis Management from the Perspective of People at Risk of Fracturing.

PurposeAdherence to both non-pharmacological and pharmacological fracture prevention interventions is often low in people with osteoporosis. Understanding how patients acquire information about osteoporosis management is important for understanding both the initial decision-making and ongoing adherence. This study explored the narrative of people living with osteoporosis and their personal experience getting information about their osteoporosis management.MethodsAn interpretive descriptive method was used for this qualitative study. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 Canadian participants (age range 51–90) who knew that they had osteoporosis or osteopenia. Participants were asked to participate in one-on-one interviews to address the type of health professionals providing osteoporosis management advice focusing specifically on advice received about exercise, nutrition, and falls prevention. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded sentence-by-sentence.ResultsPeople with osteoporosis rely on physicians for advice related to pharmacological treatment needs, and other health professionals for non-pharmacological needs such as exercise advice, nutrition advice, and falls prevention advice. People value non-professionals, such as family members and close friends, who may or may not have osteoporosis, to discuss or corroborate health professional advice, or to validate their belief system.ConclusionTraining patients to more effectively engage in conversations with their healthcare providers may be a strategy to improve the quality of communication and its translation into adherence to best practices in managing osteoporosis.

Perceptions of Ontario health system leaders on single-entry models for managing the COVID-19 elective surgery backlog: an interpretive descriptive study.

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing challenges with respect to access to elective surgery across Canada, and a single-entry model (SEM) approach has been proposed as an equitable and efficient method to help manage the backlog. With Ontario’s recent investment in centralized surgical wait-list management, we sought to understand the views of health system leaders on the role of SEMs in managing the elective surgery backlog.Methods:We used the qualitative method of interpretive description to explore participant perspectives and identify practical strategies for policy-makers, administrators and clinical leaders. We conducted semistructured interviews with health system leaders from across Ontario on Zoom between March and June 2021. We used snowball and purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included Ontario health care leaders, fluent in English or French, in positions relevant to managing the elective surgery backlog. Exclusion criteria were individuals who work outside Ontario, or do not hold relevant roles.Results:Our interviews with 10 health system leaders — including hospital chief executive officers, surgeons, administrators and policy experts — resulted in 5 emergent domains: perceptions of the backlog, operationalizing and financing SEMs, barriers, facilitators, and equity and patient factors. All participants emphasized the need for clinical leaders to champion SEMs and the utility of SEMs in managing wait-lists for high-volume, low-acuity, low-complexity and low-variation surgeries.Interpretation:Although SEMs are no panacea, the participants in our study stated that they believe SEMs can improve quality and reduce variability in wait times when SEMs are designed to address local needs and are implemented with buy-in from champions. Health care leaders should consider SEMs for improving surgical backlog management in their local jurisdictions.

Degradasi Budaya Betawi pada Atraksi Ondel-Ondel Jalanan

The purpose of this study was to find factors that indicate the cause of betawi cultural degradation in ondel-ondel street attractions in the cities of Jakarta and South Tangerang. Qualitative and interpretive descriptive research methods with three key informants, namely Betawi community leaders, communities who are members of local cultural observers and Ondel-ondel parade/buskers. The result of this study is the shift of belief in ondel-ondel which raises pros and cons in the betawi ethnic community. This condition is believed to be a consequence of the social, economic and cultural changes of the Betawi ethnic community itself. Identification of factors that support this shift includes: (1) The struggle for the meaning of tradition and religion; (2) The struggle for economic significance; and (3) The struggle for the meaning of globalization.  Of these three factors, economic factors are the main ones due to the demands for a better economic life. The tendencies mentioned are empirical facts that cannot be ignored for the phenomenon of betawi cultural degradation, especially in the ondel-ondel attractions of the streets.

Mapping Men's Mental Health Help-Seeking After an Intimate Partner Relationship Break-Up.

Deleterious effects of separation and divorce on men’s mental health are well-documented; however, little is known about their help-seeking when adjusting to these all-too-common life transitions. Employing interpretive descriptive methods, interviews with 47 men exploring their mental health help-seeking after a relationship break-up were analyzed in deriving three themes: (1) Solitary work and tapping established connections, (2) Reaching out to make new connections, and (3) Engaging professional mental health care. Men relying on solitary work and established connections accessed relationship-focused self-help books, online resources, and confided in friends and/or family. Some participants supplemented solitary work by reaching out to make new connections including peer-based men’s groups and education and social activities. Comprising first-time, returning, and continuing users, many men responded to relationship break-up crises by engaging professional mental health care. The findings challenge longstanding commentaries that men actively avoid mental health promotion by illuminating wide-ranging help resources.

Parents' views on and need for an intervention during their chronically ill child's transfer to adult care.

Parents of chronically ill adolescents play a significant role during their child's transition and transfer to adult care. Parents seek help and support, but appropriate initiatives are still lacking. Thus, there is an urgent call for knowledge regarding parents' needs and views on such support. The aim of this study was to examine, in relation to parents of chronically ill adolescents: 1) views and experiences regarding their child's transfer from paediatric to adult care, and 2) which initiatives parents preferred in relation to the transfer. The study was based on the interpretive description method, and data were collected through face-to-face or telephone interviews with parents of chronically ill adolescents aged 16-19 (n = 11). We found three overall findings: 'Feeling acknowledged vs. feeling excluded', 'Perceived differences between paediatric and adult care' and 'Feeling safe vs. entering the unknown', together with three preferred initiatives: 1) Joint consultations, 2) Educational events and 3) Online support/website. In general, we found that some parents were extremely worried about the transfer, while others were not. Our results suggest that transfer initiatives targeting parents should focus on knowledge, expectations, relationships and goals in accordance with the social-ecological model of adolescent and young adult readiness to transition (SMART).

Collaborative team approaches to supporting inclusion of children with disability in mainstream schools: A co-design study

BackgroundCollaborative consultation involving educational staff, allied health professionals and parents working towards goals for children with disability is considered best practice in inclusive education. However, challenges can hinder effective collaboration, thereby potentially limiting child outcomes. AimsThe study aims were to (a) explore the experiences of teachers, teacher assistants, allied health professionals, and parents engaging in collaborative teamwork to support inclusion of children with disability in mainstream primary schools, and (b) identify key factors influencing effective teamwork and the design of support strategies. Methods and proceduresA co-design research method emulated collaborative consultation and authentic stakeholder teamwork. Data were from a series of six co-design workshops (15 h); discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. An interpretive descriptive method of thematic analysis resulted in four key themes. Outcomes and resultsCritical factors that influenced collaborative teamwork were access to diagnosis and funding, mechanisms for team communications, practical ways of working together, and shared understandings of inclusion. Conclusions and implicationsStakeholder teams require effective communication mechanisms and practical ways of working together within and outside of classrooms. Shared understandings of inclusion provide a foundation for collaboration, requiring access to professional development to ensure teamwork is informed by best inclusive education practice.

Representasi Konflik Sosial dalam Novel Burung Kayu Karya Niduparas Erlang

As a homo conflicus creature, humans cannot avoid conflict. Conflict is a part of human life that inspire literary writer to write story. The novel Burung Kayu (Wood Bird, 2021) by Niduparas Erlang set in a region in Mentawai, North Sumatera, and expresses social conflicts that reflect the local situation. This article discusses three issues related to the novel, including (1) how is the structure of the novel Burung Kayu by Niduparas Erlang related to plot, characterization, and setting; (2) how is the representation of social conflict in Burung Kayu by Niduparas Erlang; (3) what is the meaning of the representation of social conflict in the novel Burung Kayu by Niduparas Erlang. The theory used is the theory of social conflict from the view of Lewis A. Coser, besides that, the theory of structure from the view of Stanton is used to examine the structure of the novel Burung Kayu. The data was collected using the literature study method with reading, listening, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis was carried out by interpretive descriptive method. Based on the analysis results of the novel Burung Kayu by Niduparas Erlang, it is built on conventional plots and flashbacks, the characterizations consist of main and complementary characters, then the setting is divided into place, time, atmosphere, and social. All of these elements are intertwined in the inter-element relationship and reflected social conflict of community where the story is set.